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A termite nest can be considered as being composed of two parts, the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all of the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is that the construction itself, which can be constructed from the termites. Nests can be broadly separated into three main classes: subterranean (completely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (built above ground, but always connected to the ground via shield tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the earth with ground contact and are made out of ground and sand.

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Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of now nest in wooden constructions such as logs, stumps and the dead portions of trees, as did termites millions of years ago.184.

To construct their nests, termites mostly use faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partly digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and timber ), and soil, used in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not all nests are observable, as many nests in tropical forests are located underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are good examples of subterranean nest contractors, since they only reside inside tunnels.

Nests and mounds protect the termites' tender bodies against desiccation, light, pathogens and parasites, as well as providing a fortification against predators.188 Nests made out of carton are particularly weak, and so the inhabitants use counter-attack approaches against invading predators. .

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Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change is caused by bacterial illness in the intestine of the termites: they use their faeces as a carton building substance. Arboreal termites nests can account for as much as 2% of above ground carbon storage in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.

Some species build complex nests known as polycalic nests; this habitat is known as polycalism. Polycalic species of termites form multiple nests, or calies, connected with subterranean chambers.107 The termite genera Apicotermes and Trinervitermes are known to possess polycalic species.191 Polycalic nests seem to be less frequent in mound-building species but polycalic arboreal nests have been observed in a few species of Nasutitermes.191.

Nests are considered mounds if they protrude from check this site out the earth's surface. A mound provides termites the same protection for a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds found in areas with torrential and continuous rainfall are in danger of mound erosion due to their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can offer protection from the rain, and in fact can withstand high precipitation.

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By way of instance, Cubitermes colonies construct narrow tunnels utilized as strong points, as the width of the tunnels is small enough for troops to obstruct.192 A highly secure chamber, known as the"queens cell", houses the queen and king and is employed as a final line of defence. .

Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably build the most complicated structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the biggest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 feet), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can build nests 3 to 4 metres (9 to 13 feet) hop over to here high and 2.5 metres (8 ft ) wide.

The sculptured mounds sometimes have elaborate and distinctive types, like the ones of the compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which builds tall, wedge-shaped mounds using the long axis oriented about northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to help thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to increase quickly during the morning while avoiding overheating from the midday sun.

Termites construct shield tubes, also known as earthen tubes or sand tubes, that begin in the ground. These shelter tubes can be found on walls and other structures.197 Constructed by termites during the night, a time of high humidity, these tubes provide protection to termites from potential predators, particularly ants.198 Shelter tubes also give high humidity and darkness and allow employees to collect food resources that cannot be obtained in any other way.197 These passageways are made from soil and faeces and are normally brown in color.

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They range from less than 1 cm to several cm in width, but may extend dozens of metres in length.198.

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Owing to their wood-eating customs, many termite species can do significant damage to unprotected buildings and other wooden constructions.199 Termites play an important function as decomposers of wood and vegetative material, and the conflict with humans happens where structures and landscapes containing structural wood components, cellulose derived structural materials and ornamental vegetation provide termites with a reliable source of food and moisture.200;Their habit of remaining concealed often results in their presence being undetected until the timbers are severely damaged, leaving a thin layer of a wall that protects them in your environment.201 Of the 3,106 species known, only 183 species cause harm; 83 species cause significant page damage to wooden structures.199 In North America, 18 subterranean species are pests202; in Australia, 16 species have an economic effect; in the Indian subcontinent 26 species are considered pests, and in tropical Africa, 24.

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